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The process that is crucial for maintaining air quality in underground mines is the implementation of mine ventilation systems. Proper ventilation is essential to ensure that fresh air circulates through the mine, diluting and removing harmful gases and dust generated during mining operations. This includes gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and other volatile compounds that can accumulate in the confined spaces of underground workings, potentially leading to hazardous conditions for workers.

Ventilation systems are designed to introduce fresh air into the mine and exhaust contaminated air, creating a safe working environment. They help control temperature, humidity, and improve overall air quality, which is vital for the health and safety of miners. Furthermore, effective ventilation plays a significant role in reducing the risks associated with explosive gases and respiratory hazards, reinforcing the importance of this system in underground mining operations.

The other processes, while important in their own domains, do not directly address air quality management. Water treatment focuses on managing the quality of water used in mining and dealing with environmental runoff. Geotechnical evaluations are crucial for assessing ground stability and safety but do not pertain to air quality. Exploration drilling is related to finding and assessing mineral deposits and does not impact the air quality within the mine itself.